Chlorination Of Benzene

Chlorination of Benzene:

Chlorination of benzene is an electrophilic substitution reaction.

The mechanism of the reaction is as follows

Step 1: Formation of active reagent

In this reaction, the chlorine molecule reacts with anhydrous aluminum chloride or ferric chloride. Anhydrous aluminum chloride is a covalent compound added forms a dative bond with a chlorine atom to form an intermediate aluminum tetrachloride ion. A chlorine atom is carried by the ion during the reaction that is the reason it is termed as a halogen carrier.

(Fast Reaction)

Step2: Resonance stabilization of the intermediate

Chlorine reacts with anhydrous aluminum chloride or ferric chloride. Anhydrous aluminum chloride is a covalent compound added forms a dative bond with a chlorine atom to form an intermediate aluminum tetrachloride ion. A chlorine atom is carried by the ion during the reaction that is the reason it is termed as a halogen carrier.

(Slow Reaction)

Step 3: Formation of Product

In the resonating hybrid, structure three is further stabilized by shifting the carbon-hydrogen bond between the carbon atoms containing a positive charge. At Hydronium ion is then released in the solution.

(Fast Reaction)

Step 4: Formation of by-product

The cation separated in the above equation reacts with the halogen carrier and the catalyst is separated. A by-product is formed

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